Metal fastener



Jan. 21,1936;

'slPz METAL mmmz med Jul 15, 1952 /A VENTOR Patented Jan. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE j r 2,028,528

METAL FASTENER Harry E. Sipe, New York, N. Y. Application July 15, 1932', Serial No. 622,601

icl ims. (01.85-21) I My invention relates to improvements in me tallic fasteners, particularly of the drive pin and rivet types and the principal object of the present invention is to provide means for securing 5 metal parts together, such as name plates to machinery, plates of metal together, fittings'to pipe in railings and springs to pipe-wrench parts.

A further object is to provide a means for quickly and efiectively securing metal parts to-- to gether without the extreme precision commonly necessary and also to engage ,a drilled or punched hole without necessarily rupturing or disturbing the walls of the hole.

Other objects and advantages of the invention 15 will appear to those skilled in the art uponreading the following specification.

In the accompanying drawing I have shown for purposes of illustration the preferred forms which my invention assumes in practice. In the 20 drawing: I

Fig. 1' is a side elevation of a tapered drive pin. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a drive rivet.

Fig. 3 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section and shows the contour of the 25 rivet, as shown in Fig. 2, in engagement.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section showing'a modification.

In Fig. l a drive pin is shown which is preferably made of cold rolled or carbon steel which 30 is highly resilient and the successive tapers are but slightly inclined. The entire pin is tapered as shown, four degrees, and the successive stepsare tapered as shown, twenty degrees. .To better explain this-the drawing. represents an enlarge- 35 'ment of a pin adapted to engage-a quarter-inch hole and measures at 2 one fourth inch in diameter. The taper at l facilitates the introduction of the pin into the hole. The tops -of the successive tapers 4, 6, 8,and l increase in diameter to .28 inch at III which serves as a stop. As the pin is engaged by driving'with a hammer the boss I I prevents damage to the stop It]. As the pin enters the hole the tapers I, 3, 5, 1, and 9 are successively engaged and with the. surfaces 45 2, 4, 6, 8, and III are successively compressed flowing into the successive recesses between 2 r and 4; 4 and Ii, and B and 8 and form a substantially straight smooth faced rod in engagement,

the partsof which are under great compression 50 against the side of the hole. This pin being designed especially for use in pipe fittings the head ll spreads the hole, somewhat, in entering a flush position. A greater taper than that shown would cause shearing of the steps or tapers. Also 55 it is necessary in highly resilientmetal that the first step 2 enter the hole easily to prevent the pin from jumping out of the hole when struck. In all of the pins the smallest diameter of each taper as where the taper 3 joins 2 is of less diameter than the hole tobe engaged thus forming, in each case, a recess into which the compressed metal may flow. Also a slight face is left in all cases as at 2, 4, 6, 8, and Hi to make a more substantial edge and to insure more perfect dimension.

Fig. 2 is an enlargement of a comparatively sofe metal rivet the material of which is less resilient and therefore requires greater compression to assure a perfect fastening. The taper oi the steps best adapted in the case of soft steel is 35 degrees as shown, and represents the greatest taper that can be used without danger of shearing as before referred to. The softness ofthe metal does not require the entry of the first step into the hole as in the case of more resilient metal. In this case the tapers I, l, 5, 1, and 9 successively enter thehole under compression as the rivet is forced into the hole. The smaller diameters of the tapers .being of less diameter than the engaged hole diameter, pro vide a recess in each case into which the compressed metal may flow.

Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of a plate l8 and metal body l4 to which it is tached by the rivet as shown in Fig. 2 driven to the hole i5. This shows the appearance of the rivet after engagement. Lines or shadows showing at 2, 4, 6, and trepresent the steps pressed against the body of the rivet. This pinor rivet is adapted for use in hardened steel as for the purpose of attaching springs to pipe wrench parts and the engagement depends entirely upon the compression of the rivet.

In every case it is necessary to incline the tapers according to the resilience and compressi-tbility'of the metal of which the pin or rivet is -made and in all cases lubrication adds greatly to the strength of the engagement. A coating of coal tar-paint is very eifective and acts as a lubricant as well as oil. Fig. 4 shows a transverse section of a hole in a metal body into which has been machined a series of steps or tapers adapted to act in the same manner in engaging a pin or rod as'the steps shown on the pin Fig, 1 or the rivet Fig. 2. A rod is shown at 25 resting against the taper 26 in the block 24. In this position the rod, when driven, tuccessively compresses the smaller circumferences l6, I8, 20, and 22 as it passes over the tapered surfaces 26, n, is, and 2|. In this case the hole in the metal body is machined with such inclination of the tapered steps as will insure the compression of the walls of the hole as described in the case of the pin and rivet. The metal block 24 may be in the form of a cap adapted to engage the end of a plain rivet or similar device to clamp drilled plates together as the conventional bolt and nut as well as many other forms.

It is provided in all the different designs for the excess metal to flow into the recess adjoining each taper in order that-the resistance to engagement be relieved instead of built up and thereby preventing full and proper engagement.

The usual tolerance for small drive fit pins does not exceed .001 inch while in these designs a. tolerance of .02 inch is permissible thus insuring perfect engagement where variation occurs in drilling or punching of holes or in pin or rivet dimension.

Various other changes in and modifications of the construction herein shown and described may enlargements due to the progressive increase of taper of said enlargements.

2. A metallic drive fastener for metal work having a driving head and a series of sections each shaped generally like the frustrum of a cone 5 and having substantially the same slope, with the bases positioned toward the head of the fastener so as to furnish flow spaces adjacent the bases for the metal thereof, the base of each section being successively larger in diameter from it the entering end of the fastener toward the head, thereby providing an increasing amount of metal at the base of each successive section for deformation and compression into said flow spaces by the side wall of a hole in a metal piece when the fastener is driven into said hole.

3. A metallic drive fastener for metal work as set forth in claim 2, further characterized in that the angle of the slope of the sections and the flow spaces are co-related with the material used, so that when the fastener has'been driven into'a hole provided, the metal of the fastener is so deformed and compressed as to present substantially a straight smooth faced pin in secure engagement with the wall of the hole.

4. A metallic drive fastener for metal work as set forth in claim 2, further characterized in that the base of each of said sections has a plinth por-' tion locating the boundary of the conical part of the section for the purpose described. 30

HARRY E. SIPE. 

